A Ventilator is a machine which is used to move breathable air, mechanically, into and out of the lungs, to supply the procedure of breathing for a patient who is unable to breath or breathing insufficiently.
The Ventilators Machine is a computerized machine, with a bag valve mask. Ventilators are prominently used as stand alone units for emergency medicine and as a component of the anaesthesia machine.
In this era Ventilators are furnished with alarm and monitoring system for backup batteries, oxygen tanks, patient related parameters such as pressure, volume and flow and also for some ventilators itself functions like air leakage, power failure, mechanical failure.
Ventilators are broadly classified into two categories:
Negative pressure ventilators: It pulls up a negative pressure from the external chest by decreasing the intra-thoracic pressure and allows air to flow into the lungs, filling its volume. This is used mainly for chronic respiratory failure like poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy, a myotrophic lateral sclerosis, and mysthenia Gravis.
Positive pressure ventilators : It puffs up the lungs by releasing positive pressure on the airway,forcing the alveoli to expand during inspiration/ Expiration occurs passively.
The basic Ventilation method used is a BCV (Biphasic cuirass ventilation). In this method patient requires to wear an upper body cuirass (lamella or shell). The ventilation is Biphasic because the lamella is attached to a pump which controls both the inspiration and expiration phases of the respiratory cycle.
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